Surveying Basics 1.0 Definitions Surveying – the art of measuring distance and angles on or near the surface of the earth Plane surveying – the land surface is considered to be a plane for all X and Y dimensions, and all Z dimensions (height) are referenced to this plane. Most engineering surveys are plane surveys, those that cover long distances may need to correct for the earth’s curvature. 2.0 Equipment notebook – record all your data and sketches transit – used to establish straight lines and measure horizontal and vertical angles tape – measures distances level rod – measures distances in elevation total station – electronic measuring instrument that records and processes field data prism rod – locates the points of interest and reflect laser back to total station for angle and distance measurements engineer’s tape – measures the height of the instrument (transit or total station) survey nails – locate points of interest for future use two...
Engineering & interesting stuff !!!